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joka, relative pronoun

Word analysis
jona

jona

joka

Relative pronoun, Singular Essive

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Wiktionary

that / who / which As a relative pronoun, joka only tends to refer to the previous word or phrase, as opposed to a whole sentence (like mikä). In colloquial usage, this distinction is usually not as clear-cut.Fin:Ostin uuden puhelimen, joka on toiminut hyvin.Eng:I bought a new phone that has been working well. ("that" refers to the phone)Fin:Ostin uuden puhelimen, mikä oli ihan hyvä kokemus.Eng:I bought a new phone, which was quite a good experience. ("which" refers to the purchase) that / who / which In Eastern Finnish dialects, the indeclinable stem -ka is still used and, thus, the pronoun forms with -ka can occur in standard Finnish on occasion, because it is not a big error to use it: joidenka, jotenka, joihinka, jonneka etc. Show more arrow right From the pronominal stem jo- + the suffix -ka. The stem jo- is from Proto-Finnic jo (pronominal stem), from Proto-Finno-Permic jo. Related to Karelian joka, Votic jõka, Northern Sami juogọ, Erzya юза тоза (juza toza) and Eastern Mari юж (ûž). Show more arrow right

Examples

Hän on mies, joka ei pelkää. He is a man who does not fear. Tämä on kirja, jota en halua lukea. This is a book that I don't want to read. Talo jossa asun on Helsingissä. The house where I live is in Helsinki. Sain lahjan, josta on hyötyä. I got a present which is useful ('of which is use'). Ne olivat aikoja, jotka eivät palaa. Those were the times that will never return. Tapahtumat joista kuulin olivat kauheita. The events which I heard of were terrible. Se on paras paikka minkä tiedän. It is the best place that I know. Tässä ovat kirjeet, jotka lähetit minulle. Here are the letters, that you sent to me. Tuo on kertomus, johon en usko. That is a story that I don't believe. Tuli sade, mikä esti matkamme. It rained, which prevented our trip. Se on parasta, mitä minulle on koskaan tapahtunut. It is the best thing that has ever happened to me. Show more arrow right
joka / who, which, that
SingularPlural
Nom - joka jotka
Par -ta jota joita
Gen -n jonka joittenka / joitten / joiden / joidenka
Ill mihin johon / jonne / johonka joihin
Ine -ssa jossa joissa
Ela -sta josta joista
All -lle jolle joille
Ade -lla jolla joilla
Abl -lta jolta joilta
Tra -ksi joksi joiksi
Ess -na jona joina
Abe -tta jotta joitta
Com -ne - -
Ins -in - join
mikä / which, that
SingularPlural
Nom - mikä mitkä
Par -ta mitä -
Gen -n minkä -
Ill mihin minne / mihin -
Ine -ssa missä -
Ela -sta mistä -
All -lle mille -
Ade -lla millä -
Abl -lta miltä -
Tra -ksi miksi -
Ess -na minä -
Abe -tta - -
Com -ne - -
Ins -in - -

joka / who, which, that

Singular

Plural

Nom

-

joka

jotka

Par

-ta

jota

joita

Gen

-n

jonka

joittenka / joitten / joiden / joidenka

Ill

mihin

johon / jonne / johonka

joihin

Ine

-ssa

jossa

joissa

Ela

-sta

josta

joista

All

-lle

jolle

joille

Ade

-lla

jolla

joilla

Abl

-lta

jolta

joilta

Tra

-ksi

joksi

joiksi

Ess

-na

jona

joina

Abe

-tta

jotta

joitta

Com

-ne

-

-

Ins

-in

-

join

mikä / which, that

Singular

Plural

Nom

-

mikä

mitkä

Par

-ta

mitä

-

Gen

-n

minkä

-

Ill

mihin

minne / mihin

-

Ine

-ssa

missä

-

Ela

-sta

mistä

-

All

-lle

mille

-

Ade

-lla

millä

-

Abl

-lta

miltä

-

Tra

-ksi

miksi

-

Ess

-na

minä

-

Abe

-tta

-

-

Com

-ne

-

-

Ins

-in

-

-

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